One of the earliest examples of travel literature is an ascent of Mount Ventoux (in southern France) in 1336 by Italian scholar and poet Petrarch. In the 16th Century, European countries were descending upon India establishing colonies, and most of this country was under control of the British by 1856. Due to problems with contagious tropical diseases, the deep interior of sub-Saharan Africa was not traveled much until the mid 19th Century. By the early 20th Century, the popularization and romanticizing of the Jungle was embedded in the reading public through a profusion of travel memoirs taking place in rainforests of the world. Fiction writers added their speculations. In 1885 H. Rider Haggard's classic King Solomon's Mines was published; Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1894), and Tarzan of the Apes (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs, followed, ushering in Jungle Fiction as a sub-genre of Adventure.